https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2128
Gross mismatches between salmonid stocking and capture record data in a large Alpine lake basin in Northern Italy suggest a low stocking effectiveness for an endangered native trout
Submitted: 15 February 2023
Accepted: 25 May 2023
Published: 16 June 2023
Accepted: 25 May 2023
Abstract Views: 2055
PDF: 338
Supplementary: 62
HTML: 21
Supplementary: 62
HTML: 21
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Stocking of native and non-native fish species is a widespread practice commonly used to enhance inland recreational fisheries, appropriate when intense harvesting and the degradation or lack of suitable habitat decrease the abundance of the managed species below carrying capacity. In spite of its popularity, this practice is often poorly informed by scientific information. Salmonids are arguably the most popular and commercially valuable freshwater fishes being managed for recreational fisheries. Stocking of both native and non-native taxa has been practiced for almost two centuries in Europe, dramatically altering the structure and function of riverine and lacustrine ecosystems. In the Verbano-Cusio Ossola Province, northern Italy, within the Lake Maggiore catchment, we measured large numerical mismatches between stocking of cultured native (Salmo marmoratus) plus non-native trout taxa (S. trutta, S. ghigii, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the number of fishes captured by local anglers. These observations highlight the need for future studies to estimate the stocking effectiveness of S. marmoratus, a critically endangered species of significant cultural and economic value.
ADBPO (Autorità di Bacino Distrettuale del Fiume Po), 2018. [Linee generali di assetto idraulico e idrogeologico/3.2 - Elaborato Lombardia, Linee generali di assetto idraulico e idrogeologico nel bacino del Toce].[in Italian]. Accessed: December 2021. Available from: http://www.adbpo.it/PAI
Araki H, Berejikian BA, Ford MJ, Blouin MS, 2008. Fitness of hatchery‐reared salmonids in the wild. Evol. Appl. 1:342-355.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00026.x
Arlinghaus R, Lorenzen K, Johnson BM, Cooke SJ, Cowx IG, 2015. Management of freshwater fisheries: addressing habitat, people and fishes, p. 557-579. In: J.F. Craig (ed.), Freshwater fisheries ecology. Wiley & Blackwell, Hoboken.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118394380.ch44
Barbanti L, 1994. [Osservazioni sul Lago Maggiore. Lineamenti del territorio del Verbano].[in Italian]. Verbania, Circolo del Pallanzotto: 113 pp.
Bianco PG, 1998. Freshwater fish transfers in Italy: History, local modification of fish composition, and a prediction on the future of native populations, p. 167-185. In: I.G. Cowx (ed.) Stocking and introductions of fishes. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Bianco PG, Caputo V, Ferrito V, Lorenzoni M, Nonnis Marzano F, et al., 2013. Salmo marmoratus. The IUCN Italian red list of threatened species. Accessed: January 2022. Available from: http://www.iucn.it/scheda.php?id=-788860032
Caudron A, Champigneulle A, 2009. Multiple marking of otoliths of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., with alizarin redS to compare efficiency of stocking of three early life stages. Fish. Manag. Ecol. 16:219-224.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00661.x
Dresti C, Becciu G, Saidi H, Ciampittiello M, 2016. The hydromorphological state in mountain rivers subject to human impacts: a case study in the North-West of Italy. Environ Earth Sci 75:495.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5102-3
Dudgeon D, Arthington AH, Gessner MO, Kawabata ZI, Knowler DJ, Lévêque C, Naiman RJ, Prieur-Richard AH, Soto D, Stiassny MLJ, Sullivan CA, 2006. Freshwater biodiversity: Importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 81:163-18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793105006950
European Commission, 2021. Life 3.0, LIFE Project Publish Database Page. Accessed December 2021. Available from: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/life/publicWebsite/search
European Union, 1992. Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A31992L0043
FIPSAS (Federazione Italiana Pesca Sportiva e Attività Subacquee), 2021. Italian Federation of Sport Angling and Aquatic Activities [homepage]. Accessed: December 2021. https://www.fipsas.it/
Fatio V, 1890. [Faune des vertébrés de la Suisse. Vol. V. Histoire naturelle des poissons. II part].[in French]. Geneva and Bale, Georg: p. 354-355.
Fleming IA, Petersson E, 2001. The ability of released, hatchery salmonids to breed and contribute to the natural productivity of wild populations. Nord J. Freshw. Res. 75:71-98.
Galassi S, Volta P, Calderoni A, Guzzella L, 2006. Cycling pp'DDT and pp'DDE at a watershed scale: the case of Lago Maggiore (Italy). J. Limnol. 65:100-106.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2006.100
Gandolfi G, Zerunian S, 1987. [I pesci delle acque interne italiane: aggiornamento e considerazioni critiche sulla sistematica e distribuzione].[Article in Italian]. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Milano 128(I-II):3-56.
García-Marín JL, Sanz N, Pla C, 2008. Proportions of native and introduced brown trout in adjacent fished and unfished Spanish rivers. Conserv. Biol. 12:313-319.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96133.x
Gherardi F, Bertolino S, Bodon M, Casellato S, Cianfanelli S, Ferraguti M, et al. E, 2008. Animal xenodiversity in Italian inland waters: Distribution, models of arrivals, and pathways. Biol. Invasions 10:435–454.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-007-9142-9
Gibertoni P, Penserini M, Esposito S, Foglia A, Dagani D, Bazzoni P, Rubin J-F, Fumagalli L, 2014. Presence of a migratory lacustrine life-history strategy in the marble trout (Salmo marmoratus): The case of the native trout population of Lake Maggiore spawning in the Toce River (Italy). Ital. J. Freshwat. Ichthyol. 1:25–37.
Giuffra E, Guyomard R, Forneris G, 1996. Phylogenetic relationships and introgression patterns between incipient parapatric species of Italian brown trout (Salmo trutta L. complex). Mol. Ecol. 5:207-220.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1996.tb00308.x
GRAIA (Gestione e Ricerca Ambientale Ittica Acque), 1999. [Piano Ittico del VCO. Specie di particolare interesse naturalistico ed alieutico].[in Italian]. Varano Borghi, GRAIA Srl.
Hendry AP, Stearns SC (2008) Evolution illuminated: salmon and their relatives. Oxford University Press, New York.
ICES, 2021. Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Working Group (WGBAST). ICES Sci. Rep. 3:26-331.
Italian Regulation, 1997. [Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 8 settembre 1997, n. 357. Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana, 23 ottobre 1997, n. 248].[in Italian]. Accessed: February 2022. Available from: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/gu/1997/10/23/248/so/219/sg/pdf
Kottelat M, Freyhof J, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin: 646 pp.
Lorenzen K, Beveridge MCM, Mangel M, 2012. Cultured fish: integrative biology and management of domestication and interactions with wild fish. Biol. Rev. 87:639-660.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00215.x
Lorenzoni M, 2019. The check-list of the Italian freshwater fish fauna. Ital. J. Freshw. Ichthyol. 5:239-254.
Mäntyniemi S, Romakkaniemi A, Dannewitz J, Palm S, Pakarinen T, Pulkkinen H, Gårdmark A, Karlsson O (2012) Both predation and feeding opportunities may explain changes in survival of Baltic salmon post-smolts. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 69:1574-1579.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss088
Marazzi S, 2005. [Atlante orografico delle Alpi. SOIUSA. Suddivisione orografica internazionale unificata del Sistema Alpino].[in Italian]. Priuli & Verlucca, Scarmagno.
MATTM (Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare), 2020. [Criteri per la reintroduzione e il ripopolamento delle specie autoctone di cui all'allegato D del decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 8 settembre 1997, n. 357, e per l'immissione di specie e di popolazioni non autoctone (20A02112)] [in Italian]. Accessed: December 2021. Available from: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2020/04/14/20A02112/sg
Meraner A, Baric S, Pelster B, Dalla Via J, 2010. Microsatellite DNA data point to extensive but incomplete admixture in a marble and brown trout hybridization zone. Conserv. Genet. 11:985-998.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-009-9942-9
Meraner A, Gandolfi A, 2018. Genetics of the genus Salmo in Italy: Evolutionary history, population structure, molecular ecology and conservation, p. 65-102. In: J. Lobón‐Cerviá, N. Sanz (eds.), Brown trout: biology, ecology and management. J. Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119268352.ch3
Meraner A, Gratton P, Baraldi F, Gandolfi A, 2013. Nothing but a trace left? Autochthony and conservation status of Northern Adriatic Salmo trutta inferred from PCR multiplexing, mtDNA control region sequencing and microsatellite analysis. Hydrobiologia 702:201-213.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1321-8
Mezzera M, Largiadèr CR, 2001. Evidence for selective angling of introduced trout and their hybrids in a stocked brown trout population. J. Fish Biol. 59:287-301.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00130.x
Miller WE, 2002. Revisiting the geometry of a ternary diagram with the half-taxi metric. Math. Geol. 34:275-290.
MTE (Ministero della Transizione Ecologica), 2020. Rete Natura 2000, SIC, ZSC e ZPS in Italia, update: December 2020. Accessed: August 2021. Available from: https://www.mite.gov.it/pagina/sic-zsc-e-zps-italia
Muhlfeld CC, Kalinowski ST, McMahon TE, Taper ML, Painter S, Leary RF, Allendorf FW, 2009. Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild. Biol. Lett. 5:328-31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0033
Naish KA, Taylor JE, Levin PS, Quinn TP, Winton JR, Huppert D, Hilborn R, 2007. An evaluation of the effects of conservation and fishery enhancement hatcheries on wild populations of salmon. Adv. Mar. Biol. 53:61-194.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(07)53002-6
Polgar G, Iaia M, Righi T, Volta P, 2022a. The Italian alpine and subalpine trouts: taxonomy, evolution, and conservation. Biology (Basel) 11:576.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11040576
Polgar G, Iaia M, Volta P, 2022b. Autochthony of the peninsular trout Salmo ghigii in the Alpine region: state of art and risks associated with stocking of the “Mediterranean brown trout” in northern Italy. Bio. Amb. 36:24-44.
Regione Piemonte, 2004. [Piano di Tutela delle Acque (D.Lgs. 152/99). Caratterizzazione bacini Idrografici (elab. I.a/5; I.c/7)].[in Italian]. Available from: https://www.regione.piemonte.it/web/sites/default/files/media/documenti/2018-11/ia01.pdf
Regione Piemonte, 2021. Integrated infrastructure for the geographic information of Piemonte, Italy. Accessed: December 2021. Available from: http://www.geoportale.piemonte.it/
Saidi H, Ciampittiello M, Dresti C, Ghiglieri G, 2014. Assessment of trends in extreme precipitation events: a case study in Piedmont (North-West Italy). Wat. Res. Manag. 29:63-80.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0826-5
Saidi H, Dresti C, Manca D, Ciampittiello M, 2018. Quantifying impacts of climate variability and human activities on the streamflow of an Alpine river. Environ. Earth Sci. 77:690.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7870-z
Sánchez-González JR, Nicieza AG, 2021. Individual differences in dominance-related traits drive dispersal and settlement in hatchery-reared juvenile brown trout. Sci. Rep. 11:7277.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86613-4
Segherloo IH, Freyhof J, Berrebi P, Ferchaud A-L, Geiger M, Laroche J, Levin BA, Normandeau E, Bernatchez L, 2021. A genomic perspective on an old question: Salmo trouts or Salmo trutta (Teleostei: Salmonidae)? Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 162:107204.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107204
Signorell A, 2021. DescTools: Tools for descriptive statistics. R package version 0.99.44. Available from: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DescTools
Smith MR, 2017. Ternary: An R package for creating ternary plots. Available from: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Ternary/vignettes/Ternary.html
Sommani E, 1948. [Sulla presenza del Salmo fario L. e del S. marmoratus Cuv. nell'Italia settentrionale: loro caratteristiche ecologiche e considerazioni relative ai ripopolamenti].[Article in Italian]. Boll. Pesca Piscic. Idrobiol. 3:136-145.
Sommani E, 1960. [Il Salmo marmoratus Cuv.: sua origine e distribuzione nell’Italia settentrionale].[Article in Italian]. Boll. Pesca Piscic. Idrobiol. 15:40-47.
Splendiani A, Berrebi P, Tougard C, Righi T, Reynaud N, Fioravanti T, et al., 2020. The role of the south-western Alps as a unidirectional corridor for Mediterranean brown trout (Salmo trutta complex) lineages. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 20:1-18.
Splendiani A, Giovannotti M, Righi T, Fioravanti T, Cerioni PN, Lorenzoni M, et al., 2019. Introgression despite protection: the case of native brown trout in Natura 2000 network in Italy. Conserv. Genet. 65:460-473.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-018-1135-y
Splendiani A, Ruggeri P, Giovannotti M, Caputo Barucchi V, 2013. Role of environmental factors in the spread of domestic trout in Mediterranean streams. Freshwater Biol. 58:2089-2101.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12193
Tymchuck W, Sakhrani D, Devlin R, 2009. Domestication causes large-scale effects on gene expression in rainbow trout: Analysis of muscle, liver and brain transcriptomes. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 164:175-183.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.015
Unfer G, Pinter K, 2018. Fisheries management of stream‐resident brown trout populations – Possibilities and restrictions, p. 649-666. In: J. Lobón‐Cerviá, N. Sanz (eds.) Brown trout: biology, ecology and management. J. Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119268352.ch26
VCO Province, 2021. [Pescare nel Verbano Cusio Ossola. Provincia Verbano Cusio-Ossola, Servizio Tutela Faunistica Ufficio Pesca].[in Italian]. Accessed: May 2023. Available from: https://www.provincia.verbano-cusio-ossola.it/media/138667/libretto-pesca-giugno-2021.pdf
von Siebold CTE, 1863. [Ueber die Fische des Ober-Engadins, p. 173-190].[in German]. In: Proceedings of the meeting of the Swiss Natural Science Society in Samedan, 24th-26th Aug, 1863.
Wainright CA, Muhlfeld CC, Elser JJ, Bourret SL, Devlin SP, 2021. Species invasion progressively disrupts the trophic structure of native food webs. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 118:e2102179118.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102179118
Wąs‑Barcz A, Bernaś R, 2023. Parentage‑based tagging and parentage analyses of stocked sea trout in Vistula River commercial catches. J. Appl. Gen. 64:341-350.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-023-00749-9
Edited by
Diego Fontaneto, National Research Council, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, ItalyHow to Cite
Polgar, Gianluca, Mattia Iaia, Tsung Fei Khang, and Pietro Volta. 2023. “Gross Mismatches Between Salmonid Stocking and Capture Record Data in a Large Alpine Lake Basin in Northern Italy Suggest a Low Stocking Effectiveness for an Endangered Native Trout”. Journal of Limnology 82 (1). https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2128.
Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Similar Articles
- Jong-Yun Choi, Kwang-Seuk Jeong, Geung-Hwan La, Seong-Ki Kim, Gea-Jae Joo, Sustainment of epiphytic microinvertebrate assemblage in relation with different aquatic plant microhabitats in freshwater wetlands (South Korea) , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 73 No. 1 (2014)
- Maria Cristina Bruno, Mauro Carolli, Bruno Maiolini, Settling distances of benthic invertebrates in a sediment mobilization simulation in semi-natural flumes , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 75 No. 1 (2016)
- Franco Tassi, Jacopo Cabassi, Dmitri Rouwet, Roberto Palozzi, Massimiliano Marcelli, Marco Quartararo, Francesco Capecchiacci, Matteo Nocentini, Orlando Vaselli, Water and dissolved gas geochemistry of the monomictic Paterno sinkhole (central Italy) , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 71 No. 2 (2012)
- Xing Wang, Binghui Zheng, Lusan Liu, Lijing Wang, Development and evaluation of the Lake Multi-biotic Integrity Index for Dongting Lake, China , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 74 No. 3 (2015)
- Gayane Shahnazaryan, Martin Schultze, Karsten Rinke, Bardukh Gabrielyan, Lake Sevan. Past, present, and future state of a unique alpine lake , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 81 No. s1 (2022): Lake Sevan. Past, present, and future state of a unique alpine lake
- Giulia Lin, Michael Plewka, Erling Brekke, Øystein N. Kielland, Glenn Dunshea, Diego Fontaneto, A survey of bdelloid rotifers from coastal ponds in Southern Norway , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 84 (2025)
- Sylvia Bonilla, Mauricio González-Piana, Maria C.S. Soares, Vera L.M. Huszar, Vanessa Becker, Andrea Somma, Marcelo M. Marinho, Mikołaj Kokociński, Martin Dokulil, Dermot Antoniades, Luis Aubriot, The success of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in freshwaters is enhanced by the combined effects of light intensity and temperature , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 75 No. 3 (2016)
- Patrick E. Stücheli, Jutta Niggemann, Carsten J. Schubert, Comparison of different solid phase extraction sorbents for the qualitative assessment of dissolved organic nitrogen in freshwater samples using FT-ICR-MS , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 77 No. 3 (2018)
- Stephan HÜLSMANN, The combined effect of bottom-up and top-down factors on life history and reproduction of Daphnia in the field: is a strategic dilemma underlying population declines? , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 70 No. 2 (2011)
- Fabian Schroeder, Walter Traunspurger, Kurt Pettersson, Lars Peters, Temporal changes in periphytic meiofauna in lakes of different trophic states , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 71 No. 1 (2012)
<< < 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.